PAT CLEBURNE’ IRELAND
BY DAVID GRUENEWALD
I am sure that as a Civil War student you have a set of
favorite generals -- certainly Confederates and perhaps some Union candidates
also. I have mine and I feel that the
“Big Four” on the Confederate side are Lee,
Jackson,
Forrest, and Cleburne
-- not necessarily in that order. To my mind the example, set by Patrick Cleburne
represents all the best of the South and the Confederacy -- devotion to duty,
faithfulness to friends and concern for his men, never expecting them to do
what he was not willing to do himself. 
His life is regarded as an example of all the good and
noble aspects of the South. He lived in
a time when many of his contemporaries were more interested in advancing their
own agendas than those of their country irrespective of which side of the Mason
Dixon Line they were on. At the Battle
of Franklin, he gave the last full measure to his country. His needless death has come to symbolize, to
me, the tragedy of the Confederacy.
As an Arkansan, I feel that we are fortunate to have someone
of Cleburne’s
stature for which to be proud. The only
problem is that in these times of political correctness, we have done very
little here in Arkansas
to honor him or, indeed, even to acknowledge him. We have named a county for him at least and thankfully,
his final resting place is in Helena. But, who here in Arkansas really knows anything about him
outside of the Civil War community, which, we must admit, is a very small
minority.
I attend several Civil War events every year -- reenactments,
battlefield tours, or collector shows. I
have been pleased to find at collector events an ever increasing interest and
display of items relating to Cleburne. In 2000, I attended the Nashville Civil War
Collector’s Show and at one of the tables, I learned about the Patrick Cleburne
Society. The headquarters is in Birmingham, AL
and the fee to become a member is quite modest.
The purpose and mission of the organization is quite simple and
straightforward. First, it is to
memorialize and honor Cleburne’s
life and accomplishments. Secondly, is to contribute to the preservation of the
battlefields on which he fought. So, I
joined the Cleburne Society on the spot at Nashville show.
In the summer of 2001, I learned of plans by the Cleburne
Society to lead a Civil War tour to Ireland
to visit many of the sites that are significant in Cleburne’s
early life before coming to America.
These locations included his birthplace at Bride
Park, the Ronayne Estate of his
mother’s family, St Mary’s
Church Athnowen Parish where he attended church, was baptized, Ballencollig
Royal Gunpowder Mill where his father was the military surgeon and several
military barracks where Cleburne
was stationed after he ran away from his family, and joined the British
Army.
The program I will give is a slide show of locations
visited on this trip and the story of the hard life he had as a Private in the
Army; and how it brought him thoughts and ideas that contributed to his success
as a great battlefield commander.
Dave
was born and raised in the Little Rock area, and
attended the University of Arkansas at Fayetteville.
He served on active duty in the Army Artillery during Korea. He is a professional
engineer and recently retired from Southwestern Bell Telephone. He is active in
various environmental organizations such as the Sierra Club and the Nature
Conservancy. He is a civil war enthusiast: past president of Civil War
Roundtable of Arkansas, supporter of civil war battlefield preservation efforts
nationwide, and an avid collector of civil war period artifacts.

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Annual Cleburne
Memorial

At noon on March 18, 2006, the 21st Annual Cleburne
Memorial is to be held in the Maple Hill Cemetery
at Helena.
This annual ceremony brings together civil war buffs from Arkansas,
Tennessee, Missouri,
Louisiana, and Mississippi. The short memorial ceremony
brings the traditional laying of the flowers, while also having a three-gun
salute from rifle and canon. Mark your calendars.

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Honorable Heritage of the South
Ron Kelley
has set the date for a special evening at the Aerospace Education
Center's IMAX Theater for
all of Civil War buffs. Jim
Ikerman, who gave a lecture at the
Civil War Roundtable on the Rape of Athens, has agreed to give a 40-minute
program entitled Honorable Heritage of the South- Heritage Not Forgotten.
There is no admission charge for this event. The program
will begin at 7:00 p.m. on December 13, followed by a special viewing of Ride
With The Devil on the IMAX screen. Tell all your friends and fellow Civil
War buffs! This will be a night you will surely remember!
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MEETING NOTES
The Shelby Foote
family sent a nice response to our sympathy card on the occasion of his death.
November is the month we choose
the officers for the coming year. People who were not at the meeting have a
high probability of being elected to office, so attendance is usually high at
this meeting.
Nominees so far are:
President – Don Hamilton
Vice President – open
Secretary – Chas. Durnett
Treasurer – Brian Brown
CACWHT – Mike Loum
Anyone who would like to put
their name in for Vice President (or any of the offices) please contact Don Hamilton.
In addition, it is time for THE DUES, Brian
has reminded us. The dues are $15.00 for a family membership, contact Brian Brown
to make your payment or bring it to the meeting.
Brian
Brown, Treasurer
Civil War
Roundtable of Arkansas
P.O. Box 25501
Little Rock, Ark. 72221
The due help us pay a small stipend to those speakers that
come some distance to be with us, and supplements the newsletter.
This coming year we are working
to bring Bobby
Horton to the state. He is the
music historian with a large repertoire of civil war songs (Confederate and
those other guys). If we are able to pull this off, we will need to get a grant
or raise a considerable amount of money for his fee. We may be able to do this
jointly with other groups.

THE OFFICERS
Randy Baldwin,
President
rbaldwin63@comcast.net
Don Hamilton,
Vice President
don.hamilton@lrwu.com
Brian Brown,
Treasurer
BrianB1578@aol.com
Chas. Durnette,
Secretary/editor
milhistory@aristotle.net
Christmas During the Civil War
Many of today's American Christmas customs are rooted in the early 19th
century. Perhaps ironically, they came to maturity during the Civil War, when
violence, chaos, and staggering personal losses seemed likely to drown out the
choruses of "Peace on Earth."
http://dburgin.tripod.com/cw_xmas/cwarxmas2.html
Many of the artists of the period, Winslow
Homer, Thomas
Nast, and Alfred Waud
created visual chronicles of the spreading influence of many holiday traditions
we enjoy today, including Santa Claus Christmas trees, gift-giving, caroling,
holiday feasting, and Christmas cards.
Nast and Homer drew scenes of the
wartime practice of sending Christmas boxes filled with homemade clothes and food items to soldiers at the front. The war made an impact on the nation, both
North and South, in the ways Christmas was observed.
Christmas boxes like the ones Homer
and Nast pictured gave their recipients a
much-needed mental and physical boost. When in 1861, for the first Harper's
Weekly Christmas cover of the war, Homer
drew overjoyed soldiers reveling in the contents of Adams Express boxes from
home.
The most beloved symbol of the American family Christmas--the decorated
Christmas tree--came into its own during the Civil War. Christmas trees had
become popular in the decade before the war, and in the early 1860s, many
families were beginning to decorate them. Illustrators working for the national
weeklies helped popularize the practice by putting decorated tabletop Christmas
trees in their drawings.
On the home front, the homes were mostly decorated with different kinds
of pines, holly, ivy, and mistletoe. While there were many
families who spent lonely Christmases during the war, they still had a
Christmas tree that was the centerpiece for the home. Most trees were small and
sat on a table.
The decorations were mostly home made, such as strings of dried fruit,
popcorn, pinecones. Colored paper, silver foil, as well as spun glass
were popular choices for making decorations. Santa brought gifts to the
children. Those gifts were home made, such as carved toys, cakes or
fruits.
It was only a matter of time before the Christmas tree made its way into
military camps. Alfred
Bellard of the 5th New Jersey remarked about the arrival of the newly
popular Christmas icon to his camp along the lower Potomac
River.
"In order to make it look much like Christmas
as possible, a small tree was stuck up in front of our tent, decked off with
hard tack and pork, in lieu of cakes and oranges, etc".
Christmas carols were sung both at home and in the camps. Can you imagine
how homesick the soldiers would become singing these songs. Some of the
most popular ones were "Silent Night”, "Away in the Manger,"
"Oh Come All Ye Faithful”, and "Deck the Halls".
By 1863, the Union blockade of the Southern coasts had made it nearly
impossible for Santa Claus to visit homes in the South; scarcity of goods and
the consequent high prices put both store-bought presents and raw materials for
homemade gifts out of the financial reach of many Southern consumers. Quite a
few mothers explained to their children that even Santa Claus would not be able
run the formidable blockade.
Ella Gertrude
Clanton Thomas of Augusta,
Georgia, told
how a simple act of faith on the part of her children caused her to dig deeper
for a holiday offering on Christmas Eve:
"I have written so much
that it is now after 9 o'clock and yet I have said nothing of Turner's and Mary Bell's
party which we gave them last week in lieu of the Santa Claus presents. Mary
Bell has been told that Santa Claus has not been able to run the blockade and
has gone to war--Yet at this late hour when I went upstairs Thursday night of
the party I found that the trusting faith of childhood they had hung their
little socks and stockings in case Santa Claus did come. I had given the
subject no thought whatever, but invoking Santa Claus aid I was enabled when
their little eyes opened to enjoy their pleasure to find cake and money in
their socks."
Santa Claus apparently had a much easier time visiting homes in the North
than those in the South that Christmas. According to a letter Sarah Thetford
sent to her brother George,
"Santa arrived in here in Michigan
dressed in a buffalo coat with presents fastened to his coat-tail...and a
corn-popper on his back." She continued that she had "often
heard Santa Claus described, but never before saw the old fellow in
person."
Sometimes Santa Claus worked behind the scenes of wartime savagery to
bring a bit of Christmas cheer to those who otherwise had little reason to
celebrate. Following General William
T. Sherman's
capture of Savannah, Georgia,
and presentation of it as a Christmas gift to Lincoln in 1864, about 90 Michigan men and their captain in turn gave
a token of charity to Southern civilians living outside the city. Christmas
Day, the soldiers loaded several wagons full of food and other supplies and
distributed the items about the ravaged Georgia
countryside. The destitute Southerners thanked the jolly Union Santa Clauses as
the wagons pulled away under the power of mules that had tree-branch
"antlers" strapped to their heads to turn them into makeshift
reindeer.
As the war dragged on, deprivation replaced bounteous repasts and
familiar faces were missing from the family dinner table. Soldiers used to
"bringing in the tree" and caroling in church were instead scavenging
for firewood and singing drinking songs around the campfire. Therefore, the
holiday celebration most associated with family and home was a contradiction.
It was a joyful, sad, religious, boisterous, and subdued event.
http://www.allenscreations.com/jscb.html
Corporal J. C. Williams, Co. B, 14th Vermont Infantry, December 25, 1862:
"This is
Christmas, and my mind wanders back to that home made lonesome by my absence,
while far away from the peace and quietude of civil life to undergo the
hardships of the camp, and may be the battle field. I think of the many lives
that are endangered, and hope that the time will soon come when peace, with its
innumerable blessings, shall once more restore our country to happiness and
prosperity."
* * * * *
Gilbert J.
Barton, Company I of Charlotte,
recorded some of the hardships of camp that day:
"Dec 25th
Christmas. Had hard Tack soaked in cold water and then fried in pork Greece [sic].
Fried in a canteen, split into[sic] by putting into the fire & melting the
sodder[sic] off. We pick them up on the field left by other soldiers, also had
coffee & pork. Ordered up at 5 this morning with guns ready, as it is
reported that there are 400 Rebel Cavalry not far off prowling around. Foggy
morning."
* * * * *
Robert Gould
Shaw, then a 2nd lieutenant in the 2d Massachusetts Infantry, writes in 1861,
about guard duty near Frederick,
MD. He would later earn fame as
the commander of the heroic African American unit, the 54th Massachusetts.
"It
is Christmas morning and I hope a happy and merry one for you all, though it
looks so stormy for our poor country, one can hardly be in merry humor."
* * * * *
On December 24,
1861, Captain Robert
Goldthwaite Carter
of the 22nd Mass. Vol. Inf. 4th U.S. Cavalry wrote:
"Christmas
Eve, and I am on duty as officer of the day, but I am not on duty
to-morrow. As much as I desire to see you all, I would not leave my
company alone...I give my company a Christmas dinner to-morrow, consisting of
turkey, oysters, pies, apples, etc.; no liquors."
* * * * *
John H.
Brinton, a Major and Surgeon U.S.V. wrote:
"During the
days preceding Christmas, I received some boxes from home, full of nice
comfortable things, and the letter which came to me at that time, you may be
sure, made me feel homesick. On Christmas night, I left for St. Louis as my teeth were
troubling me, and greatly in need of the services of a dentist. I was
fortunate in finding a good one, and in a day or two the necessary repairs were
made."
* * * * *
From the diary of Private Robert A. Moore,
a Confederate soldier:
Tuesday, Dec
24th, 1861, camp near Swan's...
"This is
Christmas Eve but seems but little like it to me"
Wednesday, Dec.
25th, 1861, camp near Swan's...
"This is
Christmas & and very dull Christmas it has been to me.
Had an egg-nog
to-night but did not enjoy it
much as we had no ladies to share it with
us."
* * * * *
One of the
dreariest accounts of Christmas during the Civil War came from Lt. Col. Frederic Cavada, captured at Gettysburg
and writing about Christmas 1863 in Libby Prison in Richmond:
"The
north wind comes reeling in fitful gushes through the iron bars, and jingles a
sleighbell in the prisoner's ear, and puffs in his pale face with a breath suggestively
odorous of eggnog...."
"...Christmas
Day! A day which was made for smiles, not sighs - for laughter, not tears - for
the hearth, not prison."
* * * * *
From the diary of Robert Watson
of Key West, Florida.
December 25, 1863 at Dalton, Georgia after
action at Chickamauga
"Christmas day and a very dull one but I
find a tolerable good dinner. I had one drink of whiskey in the
morning. There was some serenading last night but I took no part in it
for I did not feel merry as my thoughts were of home..."
* * * * *
VISIT
THE
BATTLEFIELDS
WHEN
YOU CAN...WHILE
YOU CAN
SEE
YOU TUESDAY NIGHT
for
The
battle goes on... Help if you can...

GOD
BLESS AMERICA
Copyright
©1997
Civil
War Roundtable of Arkansas
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